Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research

Abstract: The fungal isolates identified as Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus isolated from a local rice husk dumpsite were screened for protease enzyme production. High yields of protease enzyme were obtained by both fungi after 144 h with concentrations of 0.96 µg/ml/min for A. flavus and 0.84 µg/ml/min for A. fumigatus. Optimum temperature for the activity of protease produced by A. flavus and A. fumigatus was at 30°C with protease activities of 0.46 and 0.43 µg/ml/min, respectively. Optimum pH for the activity…

Abstract: Ten grams (10 g) of soil obtained from a local yam peel dumpsite in Minna, Niger State was analyzed. The bacterial isolates identified were Bacillus megaterium and Staphylococcus aureus. Bacillus megaterium was used in the present study for the production of amylase enzyme as it recorded the largest zone of activity. Amylase activity was determined using DNS method. Highest yield of amylase by B. megaterium was obtained after 48 h of incubation. The optimum temperature for the activity of amylase produced was obtai…

Abstract: Reaction of 4-acetyl-5,6-diphenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one (1) with diethyl oxalate in refluxing sodium ethoxide/ethanol mixture afforded ethyl 2,4-dioxo -4-(3-oxo- 5,6-diphenyl-2,3-dihydropyridazin4-yl)butanoate (2) which with hydrazine hydrate (1:1 mol) in refluxing ethanol afforded ethyl5- (3-oxo-5,6-diphenyl-2,3-dihydropyridazin 4- yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (3) while reaction of 2 with hydrazine hydrate (1:2 moles) in refluxing ethanol gave the corresponding acid hydrazide (4) . Reaction of acid chloride (6) with…

Abstract: Correct knowledge of current antimalarial drugs available for malaria treatment by Nigerians has a significant impact on the overall success of the ongoing national malaria control programme. This is as a result of a large segment of the communities, who more often than not, rely on self medications or as care givers influence the choice drugs for malaria treatment for their wards. The study was therefore set up to ascertain the types of drugs used for self medication of malaria among adult women in Makurdi city. T…

Abstract: We report the antifungal activity of eight different bacterial isolates (Bacillus megaterium NB-3, Bacillus cereus NB-4, B. cereus NB -5, Bacillus subtilis NB-6, Corynebacterium xerosis NB- 2, Burkholderia mallei NB-8, B. subtilis (HNEB-1) and B. cereus NEB II voru) against the olive leaf spot fungus (Cycloconium oleaginum). B. subtilis NB-6 (6.88 cm2), B. megaterium NB-3 (7.13 cm2), B. subtilis HNEB-1 (7.63 cm2) and B. cereus NB-4(7.88 cm 2) were found to control significantly the growth of C. oleaginum, where the…

Abstract: Three hundred sachet water samples produced in Enugu and Onitsha namely: Aqua Rapha, Bejoy, Teck Tack, SO and Rock Tama were collected from six different batches. They were screened for the presence of faecal coliforms using standard microbiology techniques. Sachet- water samples contaminated with faecal coliforms were selected and tested for their susceptibility to fourteen different antibiotics by disc diffusion method. 80 (26.6%) were contaminated with faecal coliforms as follows: Aqua Rapha 25 (41.6%) specifica…

Abstract: Patchouli (Pogostemum cablin Bent.) is a highly valued aromatic plant. Vesicular-arbascular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi were obtained from the roots of Pogostemon cablin. The presence of VAM improved seedling growth by facilitating the nutrient uptake of P and Zn in the P and Zn depleted soils of the controlled region of Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants farm. VAM fungi were identified as Glomus fasciculatum. Application of G. fasiculatum can be successfully used for plantation of Pogostemon cablin, an…

Abstract: Insect-nematode-bacterium mutualistic associations provide attractive systems for discovery of inter kingdom signal compounds and antibiotics. A better understanding of the biological meaning of the inter-specific diversity of compounds with antimicrobial activity of the Steinernema-symbiont Xenorhabdus bacteria may provide options for simultaneous applications in pathogen control. Anti-bacterial activities of representative strains of Xenorhabdus budapestensis, Xenorhabdus szentirmaii, Xenorhabdus innexi, Xenorhab…

Abstract: Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a significant nosocomial pathogen, particularly in intensive care units. Isolates of A. baumannii resistant to major groups of antibiotics have been identified. These multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms are limiting the treatment options. The study was performed to determine the in vitro activity of aminoglycosides, lactam- lactamase inhibitor combinations and tetracyclines against MDR A. baumannii, isolated from a tertiary care hospital. The study was carried out from Januar…

Abstract: Crude extracts of sixteen seeds belonging to different plant species were tested for their antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and hepatitis A virus-27 (HAV-27). Non-toxic concentration (20 µg/ml) of Dianthus caryophyllus and Lupinus termes seed extracts to both Vero and HepG2 cells showed potent antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HAV-27 using plaque infectivity count assay. The mechanism of action D. caryophyllus revealed its virucidal activity against HSV-1 and HAV-27 as 92.3 and 92.6%, re…

Abstract: To assess the association between candida and HIV infections in women from different socio-economic backgrounds, vaginal swabs were collected from 510 women (aged 9 - 83 years) attending secondary healthcare units in southern part of Benue State, Nigeria. CANDIDA ALBICANS was identified by microscopy. Candida infection rate was higher among HIV-infected women (88.8%, n = 116) than among HIV negative subjects (58.6%, n = 394) (Χ2 = 36.077, p < 0.05; odds ratio = 5.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.03 - 10.297). C…

Abstract: Present study aims to study the geographical profile of rpoB mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates and their correlation with the therapeutic outcome. All the isolates were tested for drug susceptibility testing on Lowenstein-Jensen medium and PCR and DNA sequencing for rpoB gene mutations. Fifty two out of 101(52%) isolates were pan susceptible of which 79% were associated with cure. Thirty five isolates (35%) showed a combined resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin, out of which 63% were assoc…

Abstract: The main objective of this research work is to screen various unexploited plants for their antimicrobial activity as these unexploited or pteridophytic plants are being used ethanomedicinally but, very little work has been done on antimicrobial aspects. So, to explore the efficacy of these plants, the following research has been carried out. Bacterial strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella arizonae, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus were procured from the Institute of Microbial…

Abstract: The microbiological (epidemiological), proximate and mineral element composition of the different species of snails (Achatina fulica, Limcolaria sp. and Helix pomatia) obtained from three different market in Uyo, Akwa Ibom state were investigated. Total bacterial count ranged from 1.00 - 1.50 x 108 cfu/g, Coliform count ranged from 1.68 - 2.20 x 107 cfu/g, Salmonella/Shigella count ranged from 5.2-8.2 x107 cfu/g, lactic acid bacteria count ranged from 1.03 - 1.30 x 108 cfu/g and fungi count ranged from 7.3 x 107 to…

Abstract: Water samples were collected from wells, bore holes and some streams at various locations within Akungba-Akoko, Ondo state. Pour plate technique was used for the estimation of Total bacterial count and Coliforms count of the water sources. Mean heterotrophic bacterial counts (cfu.ml) ranged from 1.0 x 104 in A.A.U.A storage tank to 122 x 104 in Oroke well. Total coliforms counts (cfu/ml) ranged from 0.01 x 104 in A.A.U.A storage tank to 36 x 104 and 38 x 104 in Oroke well and stream, respectively. Microorganisms is…