Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research

Abstract: Mastoiditis is an infection of mastoid process, the portion of the temporal bone of the skull which is behind the ear and contains open air-containing spaces. With possible extra cranial and intracranial complications, acute mastoiditis is the leading complication of acute otitis media (AOM). The goal of this review was to assess the clinical features, pathogens, complications and management of acute and chronic mastoiditis. Retrospective systematic review of studies and articles on acute and chronic mastoiditis be…

Abstract: Bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) are double-stranded DNA viruses that infect the cutaneous and mucosal epithelia inducing hyperplasic lesions in cattle. BPV is the etiologic agent of the papillomatosis and neoplasia of the upper gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder. The benign and malignant tumors caused by BPV are emergent diseases important for beef and dairy cattle in the world. Although BPV associated tumors have veterinary and agricultural relevance, they have also been studied as a relevant model of human…

Abstract: The objectives of the present study were Isolation, identification and characterization of xylanase producing fungi, optimization of medium composition and cultural conditions for xylanase enzyme production, production using cheaper sources and extraction and partial purification of extra cellular xylanase enzyme from a potential strain. Xylan has a complex structure consisting of -1, 4-linked xylose residues in the backbone to which short side chains of o- acetyl, -L-arabinofuranosyl, D - - glucuronic and phenolic…

Abstract: Background: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, causative agent of gonorrhea, has emerged in recent years by acquiring resistance to antimicrobials recommended for treatment. The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance profile of N. gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Dakar. Methods: This retrospective study involved strains of N. gonorrhoeae isolated from pathological samples of patients received at medical biology laboratory of Pasteur Institute in Dakar. Samples were inoculated on Chocolat PVX and Chocolate+VCN…

Abstract: This study was carried out in order to determine the incidence of urinary tract infection in children and adolescents, identify the uro-pathogens responsible for the infection and study the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the uro-pathogens. Clean voided mid-stream urine samples were collected in sterile universal bottles from 301 children and adolescents between the ages of 5 and 18 years at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital complex (OAUTHC) Ile-Ife, Nigeria from December 2005 - July 2006. Culture…

Abstract: Cocoa cultivation generates large quantities of cocoa pod shells, the management of which is a concern for producing countries. This study aims to valorize cocoa pod waste by determining the chemical composition and antifungal activities of their hydroethanolic extracts. Secondary metabolites were extracted from the dried powder of plant material by maceration in hydroalcoholic solvent. Their families were determined by phytochemical screening and certain contents determined by dosage. Antifungal activities were ev…

Abstract: Experiment was carried out to compare the susceptibility of Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens on sale to fungal infection at Sharada and Rimi markets in Kano metropolitan area. A total of four fungal species were isolated from samples of C. annuum and C. frutescens collected from the two markets. Out of the colonies isolated, the most abundant colony was A. niger (84, 39.25%). This was followed by R. stolonifer (71, 33.17%) and A. fumigatus (37, 17.28). The least occurring colony was A. flavus (22, 10.28). Th…

Abstract: Groundnut is one of the staple foods in many parts of the world. Due to its high nutrient content, the nuts are liable to colonization by aflatoxigenic fungi and subsequent aflatoxin accumulation. This study was aimed at determining susceptibility of locally grown groundnut varieties to Aspergillus flavus in Homa Bay County, Western Kenya. A pretested questionnaire was used to survey agronomic practices on groundnut cultivation in 75 randomly selected households in the study site. From each household farm, 100 g so…

Abstract: Due to reported cases of antimicrobial resistance by many pathogenic bacteria against many antibiotics worldwide, and the sparse nature of antimicrobial resistance data, a retrospective study was carried out on 744 isolates of Salmonella typhi obtained from 974 samples from four different hospitals in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria between 2001-2004 to determine the resistance pattern of S. typhi to the most commonly used antibiotics cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and ampicillin. High rates of resistan…

Abstract: The bioactive compounds of root extracts of Carica papaya L. were extracted, using water and organic solvents, and were investigated for antibacterial activity against some pathogenic bacteria using the cup plate agar diffusion method. The aqueous extracts did not show significant activity, but the organic extracts had significant activity with the methanol extracts demonstrating the highest activity against the test bacteria. The extracts demonstrated higher activities against all the gram-negative bacteria than t…

Abstract: A strain of poly- -hydroxybutyrate (PHB)-accumulating bacterium was isolated and identified as Enterobacter aerogenes (designated E. aerogenes 12Bi) by using biochemical and phylogenetic characterization. The accumulation of a large amount of granules in its cells cultured in the domestic wastewater medium (DWWM) were showed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). When PHB production by our strain was determined by Hypochlorite method, it was found that PHB production ranged from 16.66 to 96.25% (w/w). The highe…

Abstract: In this study, the genetic variation in Karakul sheep was investigated using 15 microsatellite markers (MCMA2, BMS460, BM1815, OARCP26, OARFCB20, MAF64, OARAE129, BMS332, LSCV38, BM6444, BMS995, MCMA26, BMS678 and OARCP49) and all fifteen loci were amplified successfully. Genomic DNA was extracted from 120 blood samples, using modified salting-out method. Tests of genotype frequencies for deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were performed at each locus and revealed significant departure from HWE (P…

Abstract: One pair of primers was designed based on the sequence of tmr locus for specific and sensitive detection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Only the A. tumefaciens strain can produce the 236bp target fragment among the fourteen bacterial species that tested. The sensitivity of the specific PCR system was determined by a nested-PCR amplification which can numbered the copies of the template DNA. According to the results, it can give positive band when only 100 copies were in the template. The protocol was carried out for…

Abstract: To determine the 23S rRNA point mutations in clarithromycin resistance of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from southwest, Iran. This was a cross-sectional survey, which was done on 263 patients who referred to endoscopy department of Shehrekord university of medical sciences. According to gram stain, urease, catalase, oxidase and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) H. pylori identified. Standard National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard (NCCLS) method used for assessment of clarithromycin resistance. Spe…

Abstract: Pathogenesis of Salmonella depends upon a large number of factors controlled by an array of genes that synergise into actual virulence. The goal of this study was to detect Salmonella invA, spiC and sipC directly from clinical specimens, using the dot blot hybridization assay. We detected invA , spiC and sipC as a one combination from 4.5% (95% CI: 2.21 to 8.64) human feacal and 35.2% (95% CI: 26.4 to 45.0) poultry samples after enrichment. Furthermore the dot blot method had a higher sensitivity than routine cultu…